Research and Citation
Most academic writing projects require you to gather, evaluate, and use the work of others. When you draw upon the work of others, you must give proper credit. Failure to do so constitutes plagiarism. By learning a few basic rules, you can quickly format your research papers in accordance with the style required by your instructor.
American Psychological Association (APA) Style
The APA style rules are drawn from an extensive body of psychology literature, editors and authors experienced in scholarly writing and recognized authorities on publication practices. APA style provides a standard system for giving credit to others for their contribution to your work. For more information, visit the APA web site : http://www.apastyle.org/
- APA Style Examples: (APA 6th)
University of Wisconsin-Madison Create an APA Reference List
Purdue Online Writing Lab APA Formatting and Style Guide
Cornell University Library APA Citation Style - Citation Guides:
APA 6th
American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
APA 5th
American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago)
The Chicago Manual of Style is the essential reference for authors in many fields. The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic documentation systems: (1) Author-Date and (2) Notes and Bibliography. Choosing between the two often depends on subject matter and the nature of the cited sources, as each system is favored by different groups of scholars. For more information, visit the Chicago Manual of Style web site : http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html
- Chicago Manual of Style Examples: (Chicago 16th)
The Chicago Manual of Style Online Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide
The Ohio State University Library
Purdue Online Writing Lab Chicago Manual of Style 16th Edition - Citation Guides:
Chicago 15th
University of Chicago Press. The Chicago Manual of Style. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.
Chicago 14th
University of Chicago Press. The Chicago Manual of Style. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.
Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
The Modern Language Association style is widely used in the humanities, especially in the fields of languages and literature. MLA style features brief parenthetical citations in the text keyed to an alphabetical list of cited works at the end of the paper. It has been widely adopted by academic departments and instructors for over half a century.
- MLA Style Examples:
Purdue Online Writing Lab MLA Formatting and Style Guide - Citation Guides:
MLA 6th
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2003. Print.
MLA 5th
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1999. Print.
Citation Manager
Zotero (pronounced "zoh-TAIR-oh")
- is a free, easy-to-use research tool to help you collect, organize, and cite your research sources.
- can be downloaded as a browser extension for Firefox, Chrome, and Safari and as a standalone program that works with Mac, Windows, or Linux systems.
- allows you to add PDFs, images, audio and video files, snapshots of web pages to your citations, organize them into collections for different projects, and create bibliographies.
Download at https://www.zotero.org/download/. Options to download "Zotero for Firefox" or "Zotero Standalone" with Firefox, Chrome, or Safari browser plugins.
